Constitution a Radical Departure from the Articles of Confederation? Essay

In 1787 the Articles of Confederation were discarded and the constitution of the United States was created. The articles of confederation created a very weak national government. It gave limited power to government and more power to states. The main organ of the government was a unicameral legislature, in which each state would have one vote. The weakness of the national government was shown by the fact that it could not levy taxes, regulate commerce, or raise an army. Financial problems occurred after the war. National government had large war debts, and by the terms of the Articles of Confederation the national government could not tax. This led for them to print large amounts of paper money in which caused inflation making the money worthless. Many of these problems led to people wanting a stronger central government. In 1787, delegates from the 13 states went to Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation. Debates quickly turned away from reforming the Article of Confederation to creating a new national government. Most delegates believed that the central government had to be much stronger with the ability to collect taxes, raise an army, and regulate commerce. However they feared that too much power would fall into the hands of a small group, who would take advantage of it. All of this led to the creation of the Constitution of the United States. It established a stronger federal government, a bicameral legislature, three branches of government, and the division of power between states and the federal government. This help the United States be more stable economically by being able to tax. It also help sm all states have a voice against bigger states. It also instated a more practical system of passing federal laws and making amendments by requiring only a two-thirds majority vote.

Discusses the Dream act in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discusses the Dream act in Texas - Essay Example It is fundamentally a legislation ruled on Taxes, as applicable in the US to prevent exploitation of immigrant children from being deprived of the basic amenities essential for a healthy life in the modern phenomenon, implemented with the code SB1819. It was initially sponsored by Texas senators, including Tom Creighton, Lois Kolkhorst and Donna Campbell. Taking into concern the social need of welfare, with the rising numbers of undocumented immigrants, this legislation was enacted (Escalante, â€Å"Fight for the Texas Dream Act Continues†). Undoubtedly, Texas and its social features have a considerably important role to play in the improvisation of the Act, triggering a series of favoring as well as opposing social movements throughout the US. DREAM Act was developed for the purpose of rectifying discrimination of undocumented immigrant children from their educational rights. The primary objectives of this Act have thereafter been emphasizing the legalization of the overall status of undocumented immigrant children residing in Texas (Nakamura, Costa and Fahrenthold, â€Å"Obama announces immigration overhaul shielding 4 million from deportation†). Undoubtedly though, the enactment of the stated legislation had to face many conflicts and hindrances owing to its supposed limitations concerning registration of the undocumented immigrant children and the allocation of national resources to suffice their needs. In order to mitigate these limitations, the various conditions noted to come under the DREAM Act emphasized that immigrant children entering the country, must be at an age of 15 years at least to obtain the benefit and get registered in the public schools of Texas. Besides, the children should have sufficient pro of regarding their presence within the nation for a minimum five years (Escalante, â€Å"Fight for the Texas Dream Act Continues†). Rate of immigration in Texas has

Overpopulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Overpopulation - Research Paper Example However, this is not the whole truth. This paper is going to disapprove the critics of overpopulation by drawing upon relevant resources and using sound arguments to justify the benefits of overpopulation. The paper will draw upon the case of China since it is considered as one of the countries with a large population. Simply it is recognized as being overpopulated. The first part begins by an understanding of the term overpopulation and then followed by a discussion of the benefits of overpopulation. The final section analyzes some of the arguments put forward by the critics of overpopulation. Overpopulation can be phrased in many ways, but all definitions are based on one concept; it is regarded as the number of people in a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area (Population Reference Bureau). It is not sufficiently adequate to measure overpopulation using population density. For example, economically advanced countries such as the Netherlands and Hong Kong have the ability of supporting an extremely dense population. It would be appropriate to base overpopulation in regard to the country’s population growth, living standards and other factors. There are those that argue that the earth contains finite resources, therefore, population has its limit; while others argue that if technology and science continue advancements population growth has no limits. There are over 1.3 billion people living in China and the number is predicted to continue rising. The population growth has been experienced since the last 60 years. One recordable cause of the high population growth today, is the mid 1990s Mao Zedong policies. Zedong encouraged the Chinese people to bear as many children as possible. As a result, Chinese families began having 5 to 6 children, therefore, the population exploded. During this time, workers formed the majority of the population and thus the

Affirmative action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative action - Research Paper Example its volatile history of 48 years, affirmative action has been both appreciated for better economic opportunities to minorities and scorned at for injustice to the majority community in the name of compensating minorities. The term â€Å"Affirmative Action† was first used by President Kennedy in 1961 for correcting discrimination that prevailed although civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees were in force. The issue resurfaced in a major way in 2003 when the Supreme Court awarded a decision related to affirmative action in universities permitting education institutions to factor race in admissions not to be used mechanically and conservatively. The decision of the highest court has been applauded by one and all. We just cannot ignore the importance of such actions as they impact the whole fabric of society and international community (Brunner, Affirmative Action History). Let’s analyze the contents of the court ruling and identify the issues at stake. The ruling allowed race to be used a criterion to decide university admissions but there was a very thin line of difference in the judges’ opinion on not taking the benefit seamlessly. In two different but parallel cases, Grutter v. Bollinger (case no. 02-0241) involving the University of Michigans law school, the judges voted 5-4 to continue the University of Michigan’s law school affirmative action policy, which advocates minorities cause; and Gratz v. Bollinger (no. 02-0516) involving the undergraduate program, wherein the judges voted 6-3 to expunge the affirmative action policy for undergraduate admissions by giving 20 points to blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans on an admissions rating scale (CNN, 2003). In the case of Grutter v. Bollinger of the university law school wherein Barbara Grutter, a white, couldn’t get admission in 1996 because African-Americans and ethnic minorities had the benefit of point system over the white. In the other case, the court decided against the policy of giving

Research Methodology and Research Design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Methodology and Design - Research Paper Example Much of the interest in organizational culture can be sourced to studies in early 1980s which claim that the astute management of organizational culture is associated with improved performance (Deal, 1982) (Peter, 1982). Furthermore, managers and academics have recommended that organizational culture should be considered during periods of change such as mergers and acquisitions, growth or downsizing phases in an organizational life-cycle, and periods of conflict or diversification (Schwartz, 1981) Despite a range of thoroughly interesting empirical studies on organizational culture, the systematic evaluation of the relationship between organizational culture and conflict resolution methods is comparatively uncommon and deserves further research. While on the one hand authors have always devoted special attention to the study of organizational culture, on the other hand they have faced difficulty in studying organizational culture and in establishing a standard method for its study. ... ture of organizational culture that makes it particularly difficult to access; thirdly, the political issues involved, for example with power groups having various self-interests in maintaining or changing the culture; and finally, the possible existence of multiple subcultures. Therefore, the organizational culture is characterized by a diversity of research methods and it would not be an exaggeration to experiment with a new methodology to study organizational culture. Hence, the aim of this paper is to document a creative framework for the research by analyzing the theoretical context in which the present research lies and by critically analyzing the methods, techniques, tools and instruments to be used for the study. THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK Renowned authors on organizational culture, Fox and Tan (Langan-Fox & Tan, 1997) have set out a methodology to measure organizational culture by implementing a repertory grid technique. Their study assumes the view point that an objective study offers rigor of research, in its suitability for theoretical testing, in developing universal statements, and in facilitating intra- and inter-unit comparisons. They have set out to test the theory based on past research evidence and hypothesis. Setting out my study on a similar paradigm as laid by Fox and Tan, the hypothesis for this study can be stated as: organizational culture will affect the conflict resolution methods used within the ministry of education in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The organizational culture is an independent variable (IV) and conflict resolution method is a dependent variable (DV). According to this, the aim for the study is to determine the relationship between organizational culture and conflict resolution methods used in Saudi institutions of education. The study

Reflective Report On Class Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Report On Class Debate - Essay Example The report concludes with the learning outcome on how arguments over a topic are developed, structured and evaluated in a debate. Discussion The motion of the report was that the companies should have limits or makes a fixed value for the wage of the senior management in the companies. My team members were against the motion of the debate i.e. the companies should not put limits or doesn’t make a fixed value for the remuneration of senior management in their compensation policy. First, my team members worked hard in identifying the possible arguments that supports our point of view and go against the topic of the debate. Secondly, my team members organise and structure the arguable points in the most meaningful manner that convinces the opponent debating group. My group members would have worked better if we had used some known evidence or statistics from literature and research. My Team Members’ Argument The key points developed in support of the argument were to discu ss the idea and purpose of the compensation system and policy, addressing the worth of senior management for companies in a broader context, the changing perspectives on the reasons why management wages are not kept fixed, and identifying reasons that justify the extended worth of senior management. Before arguing over the topic, it is important to first understand the rationale behind the wage system and policy of companies. The compensation policy by which companies reward their employees is not a mere system of paying off workers for their time and efforts, rather a compensation policy is often a strategic competitive edge by which companies retain the human capital to their organisations for a longer period of... This paper approves that the key points presented by the opponents were that wage discrimination leads to professional jealousy, influences motivation, detainment of financial resources around senior management and that performance criterion are reflective of job description, responsibility and skills. The other side argued that the companies should have limits for wages of senior management, as this wage discrimination creates a negative internal competition, decreases employee motivation and professional jealously amongst the lower and top management employees. Management personnel and seniors in a company serve as assets because; one, there is no substitute of experience; second, the cost of attracting new talent is too stupendous than retaining the old ones. This paper makes a conclusion that when preset performance standards systematically justify the professional worth of every individual irrespective of the management level then what is the reason for delimiting the wage scale for senior management on behalf of their extended worth? It is an unfair company policy which consumes a large proportion of organisational financial resources for around a small group of individuals. This limits a company’s ability to leverage and transfer benefits to a major portion of employees working for that company. The strength of the argument was it develops logical link between the supporting statements, though the researchers and authors have commented on both the arguments and there is no right conclusion for this debate found in the research.

Technical textiles Essay Example for Free

Technical textiles Essay A small proportion of technical textiles are manufactured from high-end fibres like Kevlar or Nomex. Most technical textiles are made from everyday fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyamide or acrylic. Gore-Tex ® fabrics are created by laminating the Gore-Tex ® membrane to high performance textiles, then sealing them with a solution for guaranteed waterproof protection. Phosphorescent textiles are a class of luminescent materials that show long-lasting bright afterglow in dark after charged by a source of light capable of exciting the material to a persistent excited state. Some other technical textiles are Scotchlite, electronic textiles, the smart bra, microfibres, Nano-fibres and Skintex skincare. Smart fibres have been developed to provide functions that will respond to and protect our bodies. They can be said to be intelligent because of their ability to react to external stimuli or changes in the environment without human intervention. Smart fibres are split into four categories; Biomimetic fibres that mimic nature, Shape Memory textiles, Sense and Track fibres and Chromatic fibres. Biomimetic fibres mimic good design in nature; some of these include Fastskin by Speedo and a fabric by Stomatex. Fastskin enables the swimmer to be streamlined by reducing passive drag by up to 4%. Stomatex uses a pattern of dome-shaped vapour chambers to allow body heat and perspiration to exit through tiny pores at a controlled rate. The body temperature remains stable at whatever activity is being carried out. Technical textiles differ from Smart fibres due to the fact that they have different uses. Smart fibres were developed to provide functions that will respond to our bodies and protect them, whereas technical textiles already have a function and usually respond to changes in the environment. Most smart fibres aim to enhance performance, for example fastskin aims to reduce drag for swimmers and stomatex aims to maintain a stable body temperature throughout exercise, probably enabling you to work harder for longer. Technical textiles have different functions, they are widely used for their useful functions. Scotchlite if for safety, it reflects light, enabling the wearer to be seen in the dark by headlights or torches. The smart bra detects the early stages of breast cancer using microwave antennae. Odour control- does as it says; an antimicrobial agent can be encapsulated within the fibres to prevent bacterial growth. Technical textiles can be extremely useful to users in the 21st century. Softswitch joined forces with ONeill to produce the first wearable electronics product with Bluetooth. The ski jacket was adapted to withstand snowboarding environments, and many functions such as a mobile phone and mp3 player were integrated into the sportswear. Also woven into the jacket are electrically conductive fabric tracks which connect the chip module to a fabric keyboard and built in speakers to the hood. There is a microphone integrated into the collar of the jacket for phone calls. This is similar to the Nike ACG Comm jacket. It is Nikes latest snow jacket and comes with a built in radio, microphone and earpiece. Equipment like this could be lifesaving. If you are taking part in snowsports and you happen to get hurt you can communicate via the built in functions, this is particularly useful in the 21st century as many people go skiing and snowboarding off-piste and if theyre not careful they may get injured, the only way for them to communicate could be via the built in communicational devices. Nomex is a registered trademark for a flame-resistant meta-aramid material developed in the early 1960s by DuPont (now Invista) and first marketed in 1967. A Nomex hood is a common piece of firefighting equipment. The hood protects the parts of the head that are no covered by the helmet and face mask from the intense heat of the fire. Most of a fire-fighters suit would be made from Nomex